Hardness of Wet Snow
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Analysis of the snow-atmosphere energy balance during wet-snow instabilities and implications for avalanche prediction
Wet-snow avalanches are notoriously difficult to predict; their formation mechanism is poorly understood since in situ measurements representing the thermal and mechanical evolution are difficult to perform. Instead, air temperature is commonly used as a predictor variable for days with high wet-snow avalanche danger – often with limited success. As melt water is a major driver of wet-snow inst...
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Conventional studies to assess the annual mass balance for glaciers rely on single point observations in combination with model and interpolation approaches. Just recently, airborne and spaceborne data is used to support such mass balance determinations. Here, we present an approach to map temporal changes of the snow cover in glaciated regions of Tyrol, Austria, using SAR-based satellite data....
متن کاملPotential and limitations of RADARSAT SAR data for wet snow monitoring
Based on Canadian Satellite (RADARSAT) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and simulations from a radar-backscattering model, we determined that conventional wet snow-mapping algorithms should perform optimally for a snowpack with a liquid-water content 3%, at low incidence angle ( = 20–30 ) and for a rather smooth surface (rms height ≤ 2.1 mm).
متن کاملComments on “Effect of Wet Snow on the Null-Reference ILS System”
Walton’s paper [l] describes a situation for the Instrument Landing System (ILS), glide path antenna that occurs during a period of time when a deep blanket of snow transitions from freshly fallen to the melted condition. During this time period the air, snow, and Earth reflection interaction may cause the ground reflection component of the guidance signal (image) to nearly vanish. This reducti...
متن کاملInvestigations on Snow Hardness as a Measure to Determine Shear Strength
The shear strength plays an important role in avalanche formation. However, investigations on shear strength in the field are time-consuming, in particular these measurements require experienced avalanche professionals. Main objective of this study was to estimate shear strength by using indirect methods which are more user-friendly than the traditional tests. We assumed that hardness and densi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annals of Glaciology
سال: 1985
ISSN: 0260-3055,1727-5644
DOI: 10.1017/s0260305500010570